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بازاريابي چيست؟ What is marketing? واژه بازاريابي واقعا به چه معناست ؟ بازاريابي:
بسياري از مردم اشتباهاً واژه بازاريابي را فروش و تبليغات
پيشبردي معني مي كنند.جاي تعجب نيست كه امريكاييان همه روزه با آگهي هاي تبليغاتي
تلويزيون ، روزنامه ، پست مستقيم و مراجعه فروشندگان مورد هجوم قرار مي گيرند .
همواره كسي در صدد فروش چيزي به ما است و به نظر مي رسد ما را از مرگ ، ماليات
وفروشندگي گريزي نيست . چنين است كه وقتي دانشجويان در مي يابند فروش فقط جزء
كوچكي از مجموعه بازاريابي است ، بسيار حيرت زده مي شوند.پس فروش فقط يكي از چندين
و نه مهمترين وظايف بازاريابي به شمار مي رود. اگر و فقط اگر بازارياب در تشخيص
نيازهاي مشتري ،توليد كالاي مطلوب ، قيمت گذاري ،توزيع و تبليغات پيشبردي توفيق
حاصل نمايد ، آن هنگام كالا به سهولت به فروش خواهد رسيد. همه در مورد كالاي "داغ" چيزهايي شنيده ايم.
هنگامي كه پولارويد دوربين اسپكترا را طراحي كرد ، زماني كه براي اولين بار كولكو اقدام به فروش عروسك هاي
كابيج پچ نمود و وقتي كه فورد مدل تاروس خود را معرفي كرد ، همه اين شركت ها با
سيلي از تقاضا روبرو شدند . اين شركت ها اقدام به توليد كالاهاي به اصطلاح
"درست " كرده بودند ، يعني كالاهايي كه مزاياي جديدي براي مشتريان به
همراه داشتند و نه كالاهايي كه صرفا بگويند "من هم هستم ها "! پيتر دراكر ، يك متفكر صاحب نام در رشته مديريت ، مسئله را
اين چنين بيان داشته است : "هدف بازاريابي زائد كردن فروش است .هدف ، شناختن و
درك مشتري به نحوي است كه كالا يا خدمت ارائه شده دقيقا مناسب باشد و خود را به
فروش برساند ." اين بدان معني نيست كه فروش و تبليغات پيشبردي فاقد اهميت
اند ،بلكه بدين معني است كه اين دو فقط بخشي از تركيب بزرگتر بازاريابي اند.
تركيبي كه خود شامل مجموعه اي از ابزارهاي بازاريابي است كه براي تاثير بر محيط
بازار با هم تلفيق مي شوند و به كار مي روند. بازاريابي به عنوان فرآيندي مديريتي – اجتماعي تعريف مي شود
كه به وسيله آن افراد و گروه ها از طريق توليد و مبادله كالا با يكديگر ، به امر
تامين نيازها و خواسته هاي خود اقدام مي كنند . براي روشن شدن اين تعريف بايد
بدواً اصطلاحات مهم نياز ،خواسته ، تقاضا ، مبادله ، معامله و بازار را بررسي كرد
. اين مفاهيم در شكل ارائه شده است .همانطور كه از شكل پيداست اين مفاهيم به هم
مربوط اند و هر كدام بر اساس مفهوم قبلي شكل گرفته اند. برگرفته
از کتاب اصول بازاریابی ِنوشته فیلیپ کاتلرو گری آرمسترانگ ِ ترجمه بهمن
فروزنده ِ نشر آموخته What is marketing? What exactly is marketing and why is
it important to you as an entrepreneur? Simply stated, marketing is everything
you do to place your product or service in the hands of potential customers. It includes diverse disciplines like
sales, public relations, pricing, packaging, and distribution. In order to
distinguish marketing from other related professional services, S.H. Simmons,
author and humorist, relates this anecdote. "If a young man tells his date
she's intelligent, looks lovely, and is a great conversationalist, he's saying
the right things to the right person and that's marketing. If the young man
tells his date how handsome, smart and successful he is -- that's advertising.
If someone else tells the young woman how handsome, smart and successful her
date is -- that's public relations." You might think of marketing this
way. If business is all about people and money and the art of persuading one to
part from the other, then marketing is all about finding the right people to
persuade. Marketing is your strategy for
allocating resources (time and money) in order to achieve your objectives (a
fair profit for supplying a good product or service). Yet the most brilliant strategy
won't help you earn a profit or achieve your wildest dreams if it isn't built
around your potential customers. A strategy that isn't based on customers is
rather like a man who knows a thousand ways to make love to a woman, but
doesn't know any women. Great in theory but unrewarding in practice. If you fit the classic definition of
an entrepreneur (someone with a great idea who's under-capitalized), you may
think marketing is something you do later -- after the product is developed,
manufactured, or ready to sell. Though it may feel
counter-intuitive, marketing doesn't begin with a great idea or a unique
product. It begins with customers -- those people who want or need your product
and will actually buy it. Entrepreneurs are in love with their
ideas, and they should be. After all, why would anyone commit their energy,
life savings, and no small part of their sanity to anything less than a
consuming passion. Because entrepreneurs are passionate about their idea,
product, or service, they innocently assume other people will feel the same.
Here's the bad news -- it just doesn't work that way! People have their own unique
perceptions of the world based on their belief system. The most innovative
ideas, the greatest products, or a superior service succeed only when you
market within the context of people's perceptions. Context can be many things, singly
or simultaneously. To name a few, you may market to your customers within the
context of their wants, needs, problems solved, or situation improved.
Entrepreneurs need to be aware of many other contexts, such as social and
economic trends or governmental regulations, which we'll discuss another time. People don't just "buy" a
product. They "buy" the concept of what that product will do for
them, or help them do for themselves. People who are overweight don't join a
franchise diet center to eat pre-packaged micro-meals. They "buy" the
concept of a new, thin, happy and successful self. Before you become consumed with
entrepreneurial zeal and invest your life savings in a new venture, become a
smart marketer. Take time at the beginning to discover who your potential
customers are, and how to effectively reach them. Without a plan, your entrepreneurial
dream is really wishful thinking. While a marketing plan can be a map for
success, remember that the map is not the territory. A strategy that ignores
the customer isn't an accurate reflection of the landscape. A good marketing plan can help you
focus your energy and resources. But a plan created in a vacuum, based solely
on your perceptions, does not advance the agenda. That's why market research,
however simple or sophisticated, is important. Just keep in mind that research
attempts to predict the future by studying the past. It reveals what people
have done, and extrapolates what people might do -- not what people will
do. Planning is imperative, research is
important, but there's no substitute for entrepreneurial insight. After all, as
Mark Twain wrote, "You cannot depend on your eyes when your imagination is
out of focus". لطفاً
نظرات و پیشنهادات خود را با
مدیریت سایت از طریق پست الکترونیکی؛ Email: mahdiyarahmadi@gmail.com در میان
گذارید.
+ نوشته شده در ۱۳۸۷/۰۴/۱۱ساعت 9:22  توسط مهدي ياراحمدي خراساني
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